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Contrary to popular belief, the so-called "Star Chamber Act" of King Henry VII's second Parliament (1487) did not actually empower the Star Chamber, but rather created a separate tribunal distinct from the King's general Council.
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The Court evolved from meetings of the King's Council, with its roots going back to the medieval period. History Ī document of 1504 showing King Henry VII sitting in the Star Chamber and receiving William Warham, Archbishop of Canterbury, Richard Foxe, Bishop of Winchester, and clerics associated with Westminster Abbey and St Paul's Cathedral, as well as the Mayor of London
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Other etymological speculations mentioned by Blackstone include the derivation from Old English steoran (steer) meaning "to govern" as a court used to punish cozenage (in Latin: crimen stellionatus) or that the chamber was full of windows. However, the Oxford English Dictionary gives this etymology "no claim to consideration." Blackstone thought the "Starr Chamber" might originally have been used for the deposition and storage of such contracts. This term was in use until 1290, when Edward I had all Jews expelled from England. Gold stars on a blue background were a common medieval decoration for ceilings in richly decorated rooms: the Star Chamber ceiling itself is still to be seen at Leasowe Castle, Wirral, and similar examples are in the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua and elsewhere.Īlternatively, William Blackstone, a notable English jurist writing in 1769, speculated that the name had been derived from the legal word " starr" meaning the contract or obligation to a Jew (from the Hebrew שטר ( shtar) meaning 'document'). The origin of the name has usually been explained as first recorded by John Stow, writing in his Survey of London (1598), who noted "this place is called the Star Chamber, at the first all the roofe thereof was decked with images of starres gilted". Both forms recur throughout the fifteenth century, with Sterred Chambre last attested as appearing in the Supremacy of the Crown Act 1534 (establishing the English monarch as head of the Church in England). The first reference to the "star chamber" is in 1398, as the Sterred chambre the more common form of the name appears in 1422 as le Sterne-chamere. Starry vault of the Scrovegni Chapel in Padua, Italy, frescoed by Giotto, a common ceiling motif of the period throughout Europe